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Nanotechnology and Medicine

Often hailed as a revolutionary new technology, nanotechnology has the potential to impact almost every area of society.

Nanotechnology involves manipulating properties and structures at the nanoscale, often involving dimensions that are just tiny fractions of the width of a human hair. Nanotechnology is already being used in products in its passive form, such as cosmetics and sunscreens, and it is expected that in the coming decades, new phases of products, such as better batteries and improved electronics equipment, will be developed and have far-reaching implications.
One area of nanotechnology application that holds the promise of providing great benefits for society in the future is in the realm of medicine. Nanotechnology is already being used as the basis for new, more effective drug delivery systems and is in early stage development as scaffolding in nerve regeneration research. Moreover, the National Cancer Institute has created the Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer in the hope that investments in this branch of nanomedicine could lead to breakthroughs in terms of detecting, diagnosing, and treating various forms of cancer.
Nanotechnology medical developments over the coming years will have a wide variety of uses and could potentially save a great number of lives. Nanotechnology is already moving from being used in passive structures to active structures, through more targeted drug therapies or “smart drugs.” These new drug therapies have already been shown to cause fewer side effects and be more effective than traditional therapies. In the future, nanotechnology will also aid in the formation of molecular systems that may be strikingly similar to living systems. These molecular structures could be the basis for the regeneration or replacement of body parts that are currently lost to infection, accident, or disease. These predictions for the future have great significance not only in encouraging nanotechnology research and development but also in determining a means of oversight. The number of products approaching the FDA approval and review process is likely to grow as time moves forward and as new nanotechnology medical applications are developed.
To better understand current and future applications of nanotechnology in various fields of medicine, the project has developed two web-based resources that track medical developments focused on cancer and drug delivery systems.

http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/medicine/

Infocast’s 9th Annual Biodefense Vaccines & Therapeutics Conference
Infocast brings its highly acclaimed 9th Annual Biodefense Vaccines & Therapeutics conference to the Almas Temple Club in Washington D.C. from July 20-22, 2011. This conference will detail and explain the Department of Health and Human Services’ new strategy for improving the nation’s biodefense medical countermeasures pipeline. This meeting is essential for the biotechnology & pharmaceutical sector, research institutions and universities to come together and discuss how new government initiatives and incentives will drive greater opportunities for partnership and collaboration.
This year’s Conference features two insightful pre-conference symposia. First, the “Animal Models and Regulatory Science” symposium will highlight the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) regulatory science initiatives and efforts, and feature case studies of ongoing animal efficacy studies for medical countermeasures. Second, the “Developments in Biodefense Technology Platforms” symposium will provide the latest in technology platform projects intended to impact multiple medical countermeasures products, and improve the capabilities to meet bioterrorist and emerging infectious disease threats.
Biodefense Vaccines & Therapeutics conference is the ideal venue for participants seeking a role in the national biodefense effort to interact face-to-face with government representatives, get the most up-to-date information on government’s programs & funding priorities and provide instant feedback. Attendees will also get a rare opportunity to help shape the government’s strategy for expanding the biodefense medical countermeasure sector.
The conference will provide the latest information on the federal government’s chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) changes and its potential impact on the biodefense industry. It features speakers from government agencies including the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Department of Defense (DOD) and many others.

http://virtualbiosecuritycenter.org/event/infocasts-9th-annual-biodefense-vaccines-therapeutics-conference

The top 10 emerging technologies for 2012
1. Informatics for adding value to information
The quantity of information now available to individuals and organizations is unprecedented in human history, and the rate of information generation continues to grow exponentially. Yet, the sheer volume of information is in danger of creating more noise than value, and as a result limiting its effective use. Innovations in how information is organized, mined and processed hold the key to filtering out the noise and using the growing wealth of global information to address emerging challenges.
2. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering
The natural world is a testament to the vast potential inherent in the genetic code at the core of all living organisms. Rapid advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering are allowing biologists and engineers to tap into this potential in unprecedented ways, enabling the development of new biological processes and organisms that are designed to serve specific purposes – whether converting biomass to chemicals, fuels and materials, producing new therapeutic drugs or protecting the body against harm.
3. Green Revolution 2.0 – technologies for increased food and biomass
Artificial fertilizers are one of the main achievements of modern chemistry, enabling unprecedented increases in crop production yield. Yet, the growing global demand for healthy and nutritious food is threatening to outstrip energy, water and land resources. By integrating advances across the biological and physical sciences, the new green revolution holds the promise of further increasing crop production yields, minimizing environmental impact, reducing energy and water dependence, and decreasing the carbon footprint.
4. Nanoscale design of materials
The increasing demand on natural resources requires unprecedented gains in efficiency. Nanostructured materials with tailored properties, designed and engineered at the molecular scale, are already showing novel and unique features that will usher in the next clean energy revolution, reduce our dependence on depleting natural resources, and increase atom-efficiency manufacturing and processing.
5. Systems biology and computational modelling/simulation of chemical and biological systems
For improved healthcare and bio-based manufacturing, it is essential to understand how biology and chemistry work together. Systems biology and computational modelling and simulation are playing increasingly important roles in designing therapeutics, materials and processes that are highly efficient in achieving their design goals, while minimally impacting on human health and the environment.
6. Utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource
Carbon is at the heart of all life on earth. Yet, managing carbon dioxide releases is one of the greatest social, political and economic challenges of our time. An emerging innovative approach to carbon dioxide management involves transforming it from a liability to a resource. Novel catalysts, based on nanostructured materials, can potentially transform carbon dioxide to high value hydrocarbons and other carbon-containing molecules, which could be used as new building blocks for the chemical industry as cleaner and more sustainable alternatives to petrochemicals.
7. Wireless power
Society is deeply reliant on electrically powered devices. Yet, a significant limitation in their continued development and utility is the need to be attached to the electricity grid by wire – either permanently or through frequent battery recharging. Emerging approaches to wireless power transmission will free electrical devices from having to be physically plugged in, and are poised to have as significant an impact on personal electronics as Wi-Fi had on Internet use.
8. High energy density power systems
Better batteries are essential if the next generation of clean energy technologies are to be realized. A number of emerging technologies are coming together to lay the foundation for advanced electrical energy storage and use, including the development of nanostructured electrodes, solid electrolysis and rapid-power delivery from novel supercapacitors based on carbon-based nanomaterials. These technologies will provide the energy density and power needed to supercharge the next generation of clean energy technologies.
9. Personalized medicine, nutrition and disease prevention
As the global population exceeds 7 billion people – all hoping for a long and healthy life – conventional approaches to ensuring good health are becoming less and less tenable, spurred on by growing demands, dwindling resources and increasing costs. Advances in areas such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are now opening up the possibility of tailoring medicine, nutrition and disease prevention to the individual. Together with emerging technologies like synthetic biology and nanotechnology, they are laying the foundation for a revolution in healthcare and well-being that will be less resource intensive and more targeted to individual needs.
10. Enhanced education technology
New approaches are needed to meet the challenge of educating a growing young population and providing the skills that are essential to the knowledge economy. This is especially the case in today’s rapidly evolving and hyperconnected globalized society. Personalized IT-based approaches to education are emerging that allow learner-centred education, critical thinking development and creativity. Rapid developments in social media, open courseware and ubiquitous access to the Internet are facilitating outside classroom and continuous education.

http://forumblog.org/2012/02/the-2012-top-10-emerging-technologies/

Trends Affecting Healthcare
The one thing that you can expect in a career in health care is change. The economy, technology, the law and competition are all factors that will affect how an administrator does his or her job. In order to do it successfully, you'll need to understand what areas will require your attention as you gain expertise in your field. Certain issues will become more important than others. Here are some trends that you should be aware of:

Medicare reimbursement

Already a hot topic in locations with a large senior population, changes to Medicare will be very important to administrators. Since Medicare is the insurance program for seniors and the disabled, millions of people depend on it for their health care. That means thousands of doctors, hospitals and other facilities treat those patients and get paid by the government for their services. Congress has been delaying payment cuts to doctors, but if changes are made to Medicare reimbursement these cuts could become a reality and could exceed 20 percent. The impact on the medical industry could be huge and administrators need to be aware and prepared to handle any fluctuations.

Prescription Drug Costs

The growing costs of prescription drugs affect the patients who receive them and the doctors who prescribe them. For example, prescription drug costs can vary widely between name-brand and generic medicine. Administrators need to understand not only the basics of these cost differences, but also how these differences will influence treatment options.
According to Medco's annual drug trends report, which includes data from their top 200 clients, the costs of prescription medicines are rising. While overall drug costs rose 3.7 percent last year, there was a wide gap in the increase between brand names and generics: Brand-name drugs increased more than nine percent while generic prices rose just 0.3 percent. Some attribute this disparity in part to the new health care law, which is taxing pharmaceutical companies and impacting costs for consumers. Regardless, as further changes are enacted, it's even more important that an administrator or manager is watching costs and responding appropriately.

Technology and Business

New technology is vital to every industry, but the health care industry thrives on it. Patients demand faster, more accurate access to treatment, and physicians need the technology that can make their jobs easier. Sometimes this technology is patient-centric like imaging machines and treatment technologies; other times it's behind the scenes like electronic billing and data storage. An administrator is tasked with making sure a hospital, clinic or other practice runs smoothly, efficiently and on-budget, and new technology is an important element in this process.

Health Care Costs
The run-up in health insurance costs that prevailed through much of the 1970s and 1980s made employers take action to control costs. Increased competition is causing hospitals to do whatever they can to reduce costs. As a result, the rate of growth in health care spending on a national basis is now more moderate than in recent years and the growth of corporate health care costs has slowed to a standstill.
Questions remain about the sustainability of the downward trend in aggregate spending. In any event, the pressure on providers to cut costs is expected to increase, which will make providing quality care increasingly difficult.

Problems with Access to Care
Estimates of the number of people nationwide without health insurance now run as high as 43.4 million. The number has grown by over a million in each of the last three years. The percentage of Americans with health insurance coverage has dropped for the past six years as employer-based coverage declined (60% of all private insurance is obtained through a current or former employer or union). Half of the uninsured are in families where the head of household has a full-time job. 

http://www.healthadministrationdegrees.com/articles/trends-affecting-healthcare/
http://www.afscme.org/news/publications/health-care/the-new-health-care-delivery-system-a-guide-for-nurses/what-are-the-major-trends-affecting-health-care

10 Future Trends
On the 10th anniversary of its founding Google has recently been asking 10 of its “experts” to give their predictions of what’s going to happen in the next 10 years as the internet evolves. I’m no expert but as a curious partaker in this brave new world I thought I’d give a shot at coming up with my own list of future predictions -

  1. Computation moves into the cloud – obvious but important. This is the key to the future which will provoke massive social change. No longer will we be tied to our desks or fortified corporate networks. Work anywhere on any device with the same access to all the same resources.
  2. Technology is humanised – forget “plug and pray”, it just works. Long promised, rarely delivered. This is when technology is liberated from the geeks into the hands of the masses. Compatibility will be a thing of the past once computers all speak a common set of standard languages.
  3. Interfaces are revolutionised – keyboards and mice will seem quaint. Touch, eye, voice and possibly even brain controllers will be commonplace. If you think the iPhone is cool you haven’t seen anything yet. Understanding semantic context will make manipulating complex data childs play.
  4. Connectivity is ubiquitous – the internet is everywhere. Not just on your computer or mobile ~ it will be woven into the very fabric of everyday life as an essential additional layer connecting everything to everyone and visa versa. Blanket high-speed wireless connections will exist across all major cities.
  5. Personalisation gets personal – whether you are in the real world or the virtual world your social connections, interests and history (etc) will follow you everywhere you go. The flow of information will be automatically targeted and fine tuned around this. You control who sees what/where/when.
  6. Language barriers are broken – English is only the 4th most spoken language in the world. Through real-time machine translation you now speak and understand the rest. The volume of information you have at available will drastically increase through this. Small businesses can now operate globally.
  7. Information overload & dependency – faced with more information that you could possibly imagine people will face new challenges of how to cope. Some will thrive in this new sea of unlimited potential while other will face serious mental collapse. There will be those who choose to disconnect entirely.
  8. Viruses are no more – with the majority of software provided as a service (SaaS) viruses which plagued Windows users will be a thing of the past. However, new even more dangerous and sophisticated threats will emerge with personal data stored in the cloud a prime target.
  9. Social homogenisation – spurred on by technology, globalisation take an every stronger hold on social norms. It becomes a cognitive and social culture, not a geographic one, which relies heavily on the notion of information and knowledge exchange in a complex web of relationships.
  10. Man-machine distinction blurs – the line between humans and machines begins to lessen. Old concepts of pre-net existence will seem foreign to our children who will liken the change to the Age of Enlightenment when mankind made a seismic shift in the way we live and ultimately exist.
This wont all happen in the next 10 years but we are already seeing a steady progression towards it and, unless climate change or a natural disaster wipes us all out, I strongly believe this will be a reality well within our lifetime. What would be on your list?

http://www.randomwire.com/10-future-trends

A brief history of nursing informatics in the United States of America
From the beginning of modern nursing, data from standardized patient records were seen as a potentially powerful resource for assessing and improving the quality of care. As nursing informatics began to evolve in the second half of the 20th century, the lack of standards for language and data limited the functionality and usefulness of early applications. In response, nurses developed standardized languages, but until the turn of the century, neither they nor anyone else understood the attributes required to achieve computability and semantic interoperability. Collaboration across disciplines and national boundaries has led to the development of standards that meet these requirements, opening the way for powerful information tools. Many challenges remain, however. Realizing the potential of nurses to transform and improve health care and outcomes through informatics will require fundamental changes in individuals, organizations, and systems. Nurses are developing and applying informatics methods and tools to discover knowledge and improve health from the molecular to the global level and are seeking the collective wisdom of interdisciplinary and interorganizational collaboration to effect the necessary changes.


Insights
united states is considered first world country. they are the first one to implement the informatics system in health industry. at first they encounter an obstacle because there is lack of standards for language and limited functionality and usefulness of applications. but they were able to have a solution to this. but there are still challenges that remain like requirement of fundamental changes in individuals, organization and systems.

Japan Society of Nursing Diagnosis. (International Nursing Language News)
The 8th Nursing Research Conference of Japan Society of Nursing Diagnosis, "Nursing Diagnosis and Informatics: The Meeting of Care and Technology," will be held Friday, July 19, and Saturday, July 20, 2002, in Aomori City Cultural Hall, Aomori, Japan.
The 21st century is being called the information age, and true to its name, people around the world are using information technology in all areas for either the benefit or detriment of society. The field of nursing involves recognizing the patient as a total human entity. I am sure you are all well aware of the developments that have been made in nursing diagnosis to provide the people under our care with the appropriate nursing diagnosis and care they need. From the start, the goal has been to systematize information by computer, but now that many hospitals are promoting the systematization of medical information, the momentum towards systematizing nursing information has increased. The theme for this meeting was chosen with the idea of looking into the systematization of nursing diagnosis.
The President's Address, "Trends and Current Status of the Computerization of Nursing Diagnosis," will be delivered by Sachie Shindo, PhD, RN, Dean, Aomori University of Health and Welfare. Margaret Lunney, PhD, RN, College of Staten Island, New York, will lecture on "Critical Thinking and Accuracy of Nursing Diagnosis as a Foundation for Computer-Based Documentation." Judy Ozbolt, PhD, RN, FAAN, Professor, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, will speak on "International Standards for Nursing Terminology: Effects on Nursing Diagnosis."
We welcome the participation of the members of NANDA.

Insights
The uniqueness of Nursing Informatics in Asia is that they have organization for each country. for the country of japan, they conduct a conference for the systematization of nursing diagnosis. this is a good sign that nursing informatics is progressing and is being implemented. they invited speakers from different country to talk about different topics. with this conference development will be born.